Measurement Induced Continuous Time Crystals

Strong measurements usually restrict the dynamics of measured finite dimensional systems to the Zeno subspace, where subsequent evolution is unitary due to the suppression of dissipative terms. Here we show qualitatively different behaviour due to the competition between strong measurements and the thermodynamic limit, inducing a time-translation symmetry breaking phase transition resulting in a continuous time crystal. We consider a spin star model, where the central spin is subject to a strong continuous measurement, and qualify the dynamic behaviour of the system in various parameter regimes. We show that above a critical value of measurement strength, the magnetization of the thermodynamically large ancilla spins develops limit cycle oscillations. Our result also demonstrates that a coherent drive is not necessary in order to induce continuous time-translation symmetry breaking.Comment: 9 pages total (5 pages plus appendix

Exotic synchronization in continuous time crystals outside the symmetric subspace

Exploring continuous time crystals (CTCs) within the symmetric subspace of spin systems has been a subject of intensive research in recent times. Thus far, the stability of the time-crystal phase outside the symmetric subspace in such spin systems has gone largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the effect of including the asymmetric subspaces on the dynamics of CTCs in a driven dissipative spin model. This results in multistability, and the dynamics becomes dependent on the initial state. Remarkably, this multistability leads to exotic synchronization regimes such as chimera states and cluster synchronization in an ensemble of coupled identical CTCs.Comment: 7 pages, comments welcom

Enhanced viability of probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii encapsulated by layer-by-layer approach in pH responsive chitosan-dextran sulfate polyelectrolytes

Saccharomyces boulardii was encapsulated by layer-by-layer technique (LbL) using oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, chitosan and dextran sulfate to protect from degradation during its gastrointestinal transit. The protective effect of the coating was evaluated by checking viability after subjecting the coated cells to lyophilisation and simulated gastrointestinal conditions. During lyophilization, coated S. boulardii was found to have an enhanced viability of 7.74 +/- 2.00 log CFU/100 mg (5.62 x 10(6) +/- 2.12 CFU/100 mg) and 5.53 +/- 1.85 log CFU/100 mg (3.46 x 10(5) 1.73 CFU/100 mg) for uncoated cells. On sequential treatment with simulated gastric and intestinal juice, the coated cells had a viability of 4.59 +/- 1.52 log CFU/100 mg (3.8 x 104 +/- 1.52 CFU/100 mg) while only 1.90 +/- 0.80 log CFU/100 mg (0.79 x 102 +/- 0.81 CFU/100 mg) of uncoated cells survived. Confocal studies displayed the selective permeability of the coated cells which plays a significant role in maintaining the integrity and viability of the yeast cells. This clearly indicates that LbL is an efficient protective encapsulation technique and it could be potentially used for improving therapeutic applications of yeast. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Stimuli-responsive protamine-based biodegradable nanocapsules for enhanced bioavailability and intracellular delivery of anticancer agents

Enzyme-and pH-responsive polyelectrolyte nanocapsules having diameters in the range of 200 +/- 20 nm were fabricated by means of Layer-by-Layer assembly of biopolymers, protamine, and heparin, and then loaded with anticancer drug doxorubicin. The incorporation of the FDA-approved peptide drug protamine as a wall component rendered the capsules responsive to enzyme stimuli. The stimuli-responsive drug release from these nanocapsules was evaluated, and further modulation of capsule permeability to avoid premature release was demonstrated by crosslinking the wall components. The interaction of the nanocapsules with cancer cells was studied using MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These capsules were readily internalized and disintegrated inside the cells, culminating in the release of the loaded doxorubicin and subsequent cell death as observed by confocal microscopy and MTT Assay. The bioavailability studies performed using BALB/c mice revealed that the encapsulated doxorubicin exhibited enhanced bioavailability compared to free doxorubicin. Our results indicate that this stimuli-responsive system fabricated from clinically used FDA-approved molecules and exhibiting minimal premature release has great potential for drug-delivery applications

Biomass derived cellulose nanofiber loaded PVA-nanocurcumin coating for extending the shelf life of Mandarin oranges (Citrus reticulata)

The concern over agricultural waste disposal can be resolved by converting them into value-added products. Here, sustainable fruit coatings and films have been developed via. wealth from waste concept. The cellulose nanofibers (CNF) have been extracted from the waste onion skin. The isolated CNF has been characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), optical microscopy (OM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. A combination of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and nanocurcumin in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix has been used for the fabrication of coating over fresh mandarin oranges. The effect of nanocurcumin in PVA-CNF nanocomposite on the post-harvest maintenance of mandarin oranges has been investigated. The morphology of the prepared films is studied by SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The quality of the orange fruits coated using the above formulation by dip coating method was analysed via. weight loss analysis, total soluble solid (TSS), pH, titrable acidity (TA) and antioxidant activities. It was found that the nanocurcumin incorporated PVA-CNF coating was effective in reducing mass loss and maintaining the physiochemical properties of oranges in comparison with other formulations. The developed method could be extended to use as food packaging films, which would be a sustainable solution for agricultural waste valorisation and plastic pollution. Through this research work, we propose an environment friendly approach for the preservation of fruits and vegetables

Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review

Objective. Commonly recommended drugs for adults and children include proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), proven effective for treating peptic diseases like stomach ulcers, GERD, and Helicobacter pylori infections in children over 1-year-old. Yet, prolonged PPI use carries higher risks of adverse reactions, prompting this study’s analysis. Methods. We have performed a systematic review of 30 articles, which include a total of 762 505 pediatric patients. Results. Adverse effects were encountered in 6.98% of the population. The 5 most common adverse effects were respiratory tract complications, gastrointestinal complications, urinary tract infections, asthma, and ENT infections. Conclusion. Hence, PPIs should be prescribed only when necessary, and physicians should prioritize patient education when considering their use

sj-docx-3-gph-10.1177_2333794X241248967 – Supplemental material for Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-gph-10.1177_2333794X241248967 for Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review by Deekshitha Alla, Dhruv Jayeshkumar Shah, Muneesh Seepana, Rishabh Baskara Salian, Sai Santhosha Mrudula Alla, Midhun Krishna Mohanan, Mert Sabıroğlu, Mohan Sai Sunith Vegesna, Aradhya Singh, Srajan Gupta and Shushrutha Shivalingappa Rekha in Global Pediatric Health</p

sj-docx-1-gph-10.1177_2333794X241248967 – Supplemental material for Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-gph-10.1177_2333794X241248967 for Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review by Deekshitha Alla, Dhruv Jayeshkumar Shah, Muneesh Seepana, Rishabh Baskara Salian, Sai Santhosha Mrudula Alla, Midhun Krishna Mohanan, Mert Sabıroğlu, Mohan Sai Sunith Vegesna, Aradhya Singh, Srajan Gupta and Shushrutha Shivalingappa Rekha in Global Pediatric Health</p

sj-docx-2-gph-10.1177_2333794X241248967 – Supplemental material for Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-gph-10.1177_2333794X241248967 for Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review by Deekshitha Alla, Dhruv Jayeshkumar Shah, Muneesh Seepana, Rishabh Baskara Salian, Sai Santhosha Mrudula Alla, Midhun Krishna Mohanan, Mert Sabıroğlu, Mohan Sai Sunith Vegesna, Aradhya Singh, Srajan Gupta and Shushrutha Shivalingappa Rekha in Global Pediatric Health</p